Bertolt Brechts Caucasian Chalk Circle - Role of Minor Characters Essa

The minor characters of a play are integral in conveying the major thematic concerns of the playwright. Such a theory can be blatantly exemplified throughout Bertolt Brecht’s acclaimed play the Caucasian Chalk Circle in which the minor characters have been constructed to help the reader understand the thematic issues expressed. Published in 1944, the Caucasian Chalk Circle is a clever appraisal of class based societies and has been carefully written to depict the disparity that exists between the upper classes and the proletariat. The minor characters of the play create a highly class based context for the narrative to occur within and ultimately through the resolution of the play the audience is positioned to interrogate the rigid social structure that is dominated by characters such as the Elder and Younger ladies and condemn those who aspire to be accepted by such a society, Lavrenti and his wife. This text, through the character of Michael, instead promotes equality in soc iety, a social conscience that suggests we should consider the prosperity and happiness of all, not a privileged few. Throughout the play, Brecht utilizes Epic theatre’s primary innovation, the Verfremdungseffekt (or distancing effect) to encourage the audience to view the performance intellectually rather than emotionally. This persuades the audience to side with the characters on an objective level and to view the story in a â€Å"universal† sense in which the moral of the story is more important than the actual events. To help convey his concerns Brecht avoids constructing characters that will invite an emotional response from the audience, rather, he creates minor characters in the text as archetypes or representations of certain classes within Feudal socie... ...rcle in an attempt to encourage viewers to reassess the capitalist society we live in. The diverse class system inherent in such a society is negatively represented in the play through minor characters such as Natella Abashvill. Through the minor characters Brecht is able to encourage the audience to promote a form of equality between different classes. Brecht, as a Marxist, believed there should not be different levels of well being depending on what class you belonged to. In an effort to highlight this idea Brecht uses characters such as the Elder and Younger ladies to clearly outline the how individuals were treated by the upper classes according to where they fitted in the class divide. Ultimately, through Brecht’s careful construction he is able to proffer a fierce indictment of the capitalist way and encourage the audience to consider his own Marxist opinions. Bertolt Brecht's Caucasian Chalk Circle - Role of Minor Characters Essa The minor characters of a play are integral in conveying the major thematic concerns of the playwright. Such a theory can be blatantly exemplified throughout Bertolt Brecht’s acclaimed play the Caucasian Chalk Circle in which the minor characters have been constructed to help the reader understand the thematic issues expressed. Published in 1944, the Caucasian Chalk Circle is a clever appraisal of class based societies and has been carefully written to depict the disparity that exists between the upper classes and the proletariat. The minor characters of the play create a highly class based context for the narrative to occur within and ultimately through the resolution of the play the audience is positioned to interrogate the rigid social structure that is dominated by characters such as the Elder and Younger ladies and condemn those who aspire to be accepted by such a society, Lavrenti and his wife. This text, through the character of Michael, instead promotes equality in soc iety, a social conscience that suggests we should consider the prosperity and happiness of all, not a privileged few. Throughout the play, Brecht utilizes Epic theatre’s primary innovation, the Verfremdungseffekt (or distancing effect) to encourage the audience to view the performance intellectually rather than emotionally. This persuades the audience to side with the characters on an objective level and to view the story in a â€Å"universal† sense in which the moral of the story is more important than the actual events. To help convey his concerns Brecht avoids constructing characters that will invite an emotional response from the audience, rather, he creates minor characters in the text as archetypes or representations of certain classes within Feudal socie... ...rcle in an attempt to encourage viewers to reassess the capitalist society we live in. The diverse class system inherent in such a society is negatively represented in the play through minor characters such as Natella Abashvill. Through the minor characters Brecht is able to encourage the audience to promote a form of equality between different classes. Brecht, as a Marxist, believed there should not be different levels of well being depending on what class you belonged to. In an effort to highlight this idea Brecht uses characters such as the Elder and Younger ladies to clearly outline the how individuals were treated by the upper classes according to where they fitted in the class divide. Ultimately, through Brecht’s careful construction he is able to proffer a fierce indictment of the capitalist way and encourage the audience to consider his own Marxist opinions.

Foreign Exchange Management in Perfect Pieces Limited

Ltd is exposed to foreign exchange risk because it buys some of its production inputs from overseas and pays for them in foreign currency; has sales revenue in foreign currency and competes with other manufacturers whose costs are denominated in foreign currency. The company imports from New Zealand, Japan, and the United States. The company's foreign currency payable are in the US Lars, NZ dollars, and Japanese yen. On the other hand, the sales are mostly conducted in US dollars.Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 Lass Vegas, 2003 page 74 UP Lad's exposure environment consisted predominantly of the US dollars, the NZ dollar, and the Japanese yen. The foreign currency denominated sales were about 52 percent of total sales: 40 percent in US dollars, and 12 percent in New Zealand dollars. The company's estimate of US dollar denominated payable was 36 percent of total sales: 19 percent in US dollars, 12 percent in Japanese yen, and 5 percent in New Zealand dollars.In general UP Ltd gives customers an average credit period of between 3 to 6 months while the average credit period for all foreign currency denominated payable was 3 months. There was therefore a working capital gap as the collection of accounts receivable was longer than accounts payable. This situation was made worse by the fact that 40 per cent of the sales were denominated in US dollars and the US dollar was weakening against the Australian dollar. There was no cover taken out for the exposure in US dollars because the financial accountant who acted as the company's exposure manager thought the US dollar would shortly strengthen.Previously the US dollar was stronger than the Australian dollar and the company had gained from the US dollar denominated receivables. This experience had apparently, surprisingly, made the company's exposure manager consider it inappropriate to hedge the US dollar. The responsibility for identifying FEMME was in the hands of a fin ancial accountant, with the assistance of the general manager. They hedged 50 per cent of the transactions for accounts payable in Japanese yen, and accounts receivable in New Zealand dollars. The financial accountant, in consultation with the general manager, bought forward contracts to cover the exposures.Most senior members of the company were concerned with manufacturing, promoting and marketing products rather than foreign exchange exposure management. It was increasingly becoming difficult for the general manager to meet the financial accountant in order to manage FEE because the general manager had to deal with other company duties. Previously, the general manager and the financial accountant met at least once a day to assess foreign exchange market movements. The increasing inability to meet the general manager as frequently as before was making the financial accountant concerned.The financial accountant was anxious that he should be left alone to make decisions in matters a s volatile as the foreign exchange movements. The financial accountant felt that it was important to specify Job descriptions in order to attach responsibility for the monitoring and compilation of foreign exchange information. Presumably, he hoped, that would lead to increasing resources in his section. He explained: The two clerks in my section are responsible for helping me in ash management, pension management, as well as compiling foreign exchange exposure management forecasts. The finance section is very understaffed.The engineering and marketing functions were considered more important than financial management. The finance section was not only understaffed, but it also lacked properly qualified and experienced personnel. The general manager thought that taking personal interest in treasury matters would mitigate the sense of alienation that was perceived by the financial accountant. The lack of understanding about the importance of FEMME among most of the company officers wa s discernible urine the interview. Most senior managers considered the primary tasks in the company to be the operational activities, namely; manufacturing, procurement, and selling.Lass Vegas, 2003 page 75 In terms of the organizational structure for exposure management, members of the company felt that centralization should be pursued subject to other considerations. One senior member of the company said: The task of identifying and managing foreign exchange exposure is too onerous to be left in the hands of only one functional unit The financial accountant was a relatively Junior officer in the company and had robbers in trying to obtain information he needed to manage exposure.Since FEE is a result of activities that transcend one functional unit, and can be constrained by lack of resources such as trained and experienced staff, and lack of appropriate equipment, this seemed to call for a company-wide policy from the top. The dialogue with most members of the company confirmed t hat there was no company-wide policy for FEMME. The next point was to consider the extent of risk aversion. Most members of the company were keen that currency risk should be avoided as much as possible.Some of the members wondered why the company should not invoice customers in Australian dollars rather than foreign currencies. As to the general attitude to foreign exchange risk, some members said that they generally preferred average expected return with average risk to high return with high risk for any business involving foreign currency denominated receivables and/or payable. But if the company was considering projects which involved no foreign currency receivables or payable, then high expected return and high risk projects could be considered.One of the senior officers, however, pointed out that foreign exchange considerations are but one factor. He was supported by another senior officer who said that sometimes the company may have other overriding strategic considerations t o take into account, such as obtaining a share of the market even if that means at the expense of incurring foreign exchange loss. The company's foreign exchange rate forecasts were mainly obtained from banks and publications such as the Financial Review newspaper. The information on foreign exchange rates was prepared manually.The lack of computerizing was considered hindrance to better monitoring of exposure management. The influence of the satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts on hedging could only be commented on by the financial accountant and the general manager who carried out hedging of FEE. They both said that satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts had minimum influence on the way they hedged. They were not confident with the forecasts they used. As they said: Foreign exchange forecasts are Just forecasts, they are never the same as the actual exchange rates so we are usually less confident about them.The extent of hedging is a situational mat ter. UP Ltd was involved in foreign exchange transactions at least once a fortnight. It was evident that the intensity of involvement in foreign exchange transactions did not have any influence on the hedging behavior. In spite of the fact that the US dollar denominated receivables were left exposed, Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 page 76 most members felt that the extent of involvement in foreign currency denominated business should be accompanied by more hedging activity.

Canyon Ranch Institute - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 594 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Organization Essay Did you like this example? The Canyon Ranch Institute (CRI) Board of Directors is the governing body for the organization, and as such establishes policy. Board members make prudent, educated, and independent decisions and place the organization above their personal preferences. Members Board President: Richard H. Carmona, M. D. , M. P. H. , FACS Board Vice President: Enid Zuckerman Board Treasurer: Jerry Cohen Board Member: Mel Zuckerman Board Member: Jennifer Cabe, M. A. A successful approach to healthy living came into existence when Canyon Ranch founders Mel and Enid Zuckerman opened Canyon Ranch Health Resort in Tucson, Arizona, in 1979. Their dream was to create an environment devoted to living younger longer. Since that time, Canyon Ranch has become the premier life enhancement company in the world, renowned for its medical, nutrition, exercise physiology, and behavioral health staff as well as movement therapists, fitness experts, and other holistic health specialists. What has emerged is th e Canyon Ranch model of optimal wellness that helps people make a long-lasting personal and emotional connection to wellness. This model uses an integrated, individualized approach to wellness and teaches self-responsibility as a means of prevention. The Zuckermans commitment extends far beyond the guests of Canyon Ranch. Recognizing that wellness is an integral part of living, they have supported numerous research and demonstration projects dedicated to expanding the health consciousness of people of all ages and from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. Just a few examples: Canyon Ranch Institute (CRI): Canyon Ranch Institute, while wholly independent of Canyon Ranch, also works with communities and organizations to help people establish wellness patterns that can last a lifetime. Organized as a 501(c)3 non-profit organization in 2002, CRI catalyzes the possibility of optimal health for all people by translating the best practices of Canyon Ranch and CRIs partners to help educate, inspire, and empower every person to prevent disease and embrace a life of wellness. Community Scholarship Programs: Canyon Ranch has always been committed to giving back to the communities where its properties are located. In Tucson and Lenox, Canyon Ranch offers the opportunity for scholarships for a Canyon Ranch stay. During their visit, scholarship guests can address lifestyle issues and learn to make healthy changes. Over 2,500 people have received scholarships to experience Canyon Ranch. Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health at the University of Arizona: In the two decades after opening Canyon Ranch in Tucson in 1979, the Zuckermans developed strong ties with the University of Arizona, starting with support and collaborations with the Departments of Exercise, Physiology and Nutritional Sciences and gradually moving into a relationship with the Arizona Health Sciences Center (AHSC). Enid and Mel also participate on community advisory boards for the Arizona College of Public Health, the Arizona Arthritis Center, the UA Sarver Heart Center, the Arizona Cancer Center, and the Program in Integrative Medicine. Established by the Arizona Board of Regents in January 2000, the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health is the first public health college in the four corner states and represents a tri-university collaborative effort among the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The College of Public Healths mission is to promote the health of individuals and communities with a special emphasis on diverse populations and the Southwest. Programs concentrate on reducing health disparities, developing and maintaining healthy communities, and promoting healthy lifestyles. All of these community activities and philanthropic efforts are intended to expand what Canyon Ranch and its founders, and now the Board of Directors of CRI, have learned over nearly three decades of serving people of n early all ages and backgrounds Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Canyon Ranch Institute" essay for you Create order